A sociomedical issue has drawn attention in Japan over the implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on patients without their consent. The investigation revolves around the ethical dilemma of patient autonomy versus medical intervention. The issue emerged following numerous cases of forced resuscitation against the wishes of critically ill patients.

In Japan, the lack of comprehensive guidelines and laws surrounding this issue has shed light on the importance of the patient's right to make an informed decision about their own medical treatment. The topic has sparked debates among healthcare providers, legal experts, and the general public as it directly questions the very ethos of medical care in the society and underscores the need for more patient-centered medical practices.

In contrast, in the US and most EU countries, there are guidelines and legislation in support of advance directives or "living wills," allowing patients to express their preferences for medical intervention including resuscitation when they are unable to communicate their wishes themselves. There is also an established system for individuals to designate a healthcare proxy who can make decisions on their behalf when they are incapacitated.