According to Japan's annual defence white paper, the country is demonstrating increased vigilance towards China. This response comes amidst escalating tensions in the East and South China Seas, particularly regarding territorial disputes. The report urges for a significant coincidence of national security interests, accentuating Japan's commitment to uphold its sovereignty and maintain regional peace.

Japan has a pacifist constitution which restricts its use of force to self-defence only. As such, the country has been wary of any perceived threats to its territory or regional stability. Given Japan and China's historical antagonism and unresolved territorial claims, such a report attracts significant attention domestically. Public sentiment is divided, with some favouring a tougher stance towards China, while others voice concern over the potential escalation of military conflict.

In the US or EU, concerns over geopolitical tensions receive similar attention. The West also displays wariness over China's increasing military assertiveness, evidenced in the South China Sea and towards Taiwan. However, unlike Japan, they are not geographically adjacent to China, meaning concerns revolve more around power balances and global stability rather than direct territorial issues.