The Air Self-Defense Force (ASDF) of Japan plans to reorganize and redo its image under the new title of "Aerospace Defense Force." The move represents the military organization's effort to better fit its expanded mandate, which includes not only defending Japanese airspace but also ensuring safety in the outer space domain. The details of the planned reorganization have not been made clear at this moment.

In Japan, the public generally supports a strong defense policy to safeguard its sovereignty in both airspace and outer space. The transition of the ASDF into the Aerospace Defense Force is seen as a symbol of Japan's broader ongoing transformation towards a more comprehensive defense system. However, discussions are ongoing regarding potential constitutional issues and budget allocation concerns arising from the expanded mandate.

In the U.S., the Space Force was established as a new branch of the military in 2019 to provide the nation with freedom of operation in, from, and to space. Similar to Japan's situation, it was met with extensive debate over its necessity, effectiveness, and cost. The European Union does not have a collective space force, however, several of its member states have their own defense initiatives for outer space.