In 2025, the number of births in Japan reportedly dropped to a historical low of around 700,000. Wrangling with an ageing population and falling fertility rates, this East Asian nation has seen a continuous drop in its birthrate over the years. As Japan struggles with its demographic shift, the ripple effects are felt in their economy, social policies, and wider society, forcing a rethink of its immigration and childcare policies.

Population shortage is considered a pressing issue in Japan. Society is deeply concerned about the impact on economy and social structures. Additionally, Japan's traditionally homogenous culture and strict immigration policies are now being questioned to mitigate the ongoing demographic crisis. Legal values such as familial care for the elderly are becoming harder to uphold in light of fewer younger people to support them.

Unlike in Japan, both the EU and US have relatively higher fertility rates and steady immigration, contributing to a more balanced age structure. Population decline is not seen as a major issue. However, issues such as an ageing population and the associated strain on social security and health systems are increasingly relevant.