An underground enterprise involving substitute exam-takers has disrupted Japan's education system. The illicit service allegedly serves students who are unable to seat their own exams due to intense competition or pressure. The widespread issue has led to a call for revisions to testing policies and procedures in order to uphold the integrity of the education system.

The extreme competitiveness within Japan's educational system often leads students to extreme measures, including enlisting substitute exam-takers. This issue brings into question the moral fibre of society, and reflects societal pressure for students to perform well in rigid academic environments. It has sparked intense debate and concern among educators, parents, and the general public.

In contrast to Japan, the US and EU have longer histories of battling exam fraud, including stand-ins, and have developed more substantial measures to prevent these acts of deceit. While substitute exam-takers are not unheard of, the outcry is generally on a smaller scale than in Japan given the numerous anti-fraud policies in place and a slightly less competitive educational environment.