Japan's Defense Minister recently opened a debate on whether the country needs nuclear submarines. This subject, often shunned due to its controversial nature, is reflective of the growing security concerns faced by Japan in the maritime domain. The talks are at the nascent stage and the decision will have significant implications for the nation's defense strategy while taking into account legal, political, environmental, and ethical considerations.

In Japan, the introduction of nuclear submarines would require changes to its uniquely pacifist post-war constitution as well as its nuclear policy, causing significant controversy. The nation's populace, considering historical experiences with nuclear disasters, would likely express concerns related to security, environmental and human safety. Nevertheless, Japan's increasing concerns over territorial disputes and maritime security trigger such discussions in the political arena.

In contrast with Japan’s pacifist policies, countries like the US and some EU nations maintain nuclear submarines for strategic defense. These nations view them as crucial tools to deter threats and safeguard national security interests. The debate over potential pros and cons of nuclear submarines in Japan somewhat mirrors those of Western nations' early stages of their military and nuclear development.