In Japan, it has been found that as many as 49% of the designated emergency shelters failed to meet the minimum delivery standards for toilet facilities. With hygiene being a significant concern during disaster response, this lack of basic infrastructure could potentially pose serious health risks for evacuees. It is unknown at this point why the standards have not been met, raising questions about the state of disaster preparedness in Japan.

Due to Japan's vulnerability to natural disasters like earthquakes and typhoons, having efficient and well-equipped evacuation shelters is crucial. The government has set basic standards to ensure evacuees' safety and health, among which toilet facilities are an essential part of the provision. In the Japanese society, where cleanliness, hygiene and orderliness are highly valued, this situation is seen with concern.

In contrast, emergency shelters in the US and EU are generally well equipped with basic sanitation facilities meeting or exceeding recommended guidelines. Standards vary between countries, but the importance of providing suitable sanitation facilities is universally agreed upon.